Segio Fazio: "In the past, we evaluated a patient’s potential for developing cardiovascular disease by looking at the ratios of HDL, or “good” cholesterol, to total cholesterol or to LDL, known as “bad” cholesterol. It was thought that the damage potentially inflicted by one [depositing cholesterol inside the blood vessel walls] was mediated by the protective qualities of the other [carrying these deposits away]. We now know this isn’t always the case and that function is a key determinant in predicting HDL’s protective qualities. This knowledge comes from clinical trials that raised HDL levels in patients but did not produce any benefit. When we interfere with the system, we may be doing something that kills function and we’re trying to figure out how this occurs."

Jason H. Y Wu: "Translated to foods, these findings support benefits of increasing consumption of vegetable oils and spreads, nuts, fish, and vegetables rich in unsaturated fats (e.g., avocado), in place of either animal fats or refined grains, starches, and sugars."

Rudel: "Still, counters Rudel, there’s certainly no evidence olive oil is good; the FDA partly relied on iffy epidemiological data. The likelier benefactors in the Mediterranean diet, he says, are the nuts, fish and vegetables that replace fries and burgers. Tufts endocrinologist Ernst Schaefer backs up Rudel’s claims and adds that a better understanding of specific types of dietary fat could have an important impact on reducing heart disease. Polyunsaturated fats, contained in walnuts and soy oil, are good. And some, like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are necessary, because the body can’t make them. Rudel’s monkeys benefited from these but not from the monounsaturated fats that the body can make itself.

The NIH is currently paying Rudel to see exactly what kind of damage man-made trans fats, found in fries and Krispy Kremes, can do to monkey arteries. And he is working with Nissen to see if a medical device made by Lipid Sciences can clean the primates’ pipes by increasing good cholesterol."
"The Myth of Extra Virgin" - https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2004/1213/096sidebar.html

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