The emergence of West Nile virus in North America correlates directly with the large-scale decline of the North American bird population (30). Utilizing twenty-six years of breeding bird survey data to determine the impact of West Nile virus on avian hosts in North America, the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and The National Zoological Park in Washington DC reported that, since the 1999 New York City outbreak, the nation has experienced a 45 percent loss of the crow population along with other highly susceptible birds like the American robin, house wrens, chickadees, Eastern blue birds, and blue jays. Populations of birds that are resistant to West Nile virus like the mourning dove, downy woodpecker, Northern mockingbird, wood thrush, Baltimore oriole, Eastern towhee, and the white-breasted nuthatch remain undiminished. Flocks of birds with moderate or intermediate susceptibility to West Nile virus like the common grackle, Northern cardinal, and the song sparrow have been reduced somewhat in size but not as greatly as the most susceptible bird populations. Thus, this recent redistribution in the bird population is not caused primarily by changes in local environment, bird habitat, land usage, or climate, since these variables were taken into account when the numbers of birds in each group were calculated. For no other reason than the epidemic of West Nile virus infection, the bird communities and populations most commonly associated with humans in towns and suburbs where the mosquito–bird/mosquito–human cycle flourishes have undergone drastic changes.